Massively univariate analysis of a calculation task from the Localizer dataset

This example shows how to use the Localizer dataset in a basic analysis. A standard Anova is performed (massively univariate F-test) and the resulting Bonferroni-corrected p-values are plotted. We use a calculation task and 20 subjects out of the 94 available.

The Localizer dataset contains many contrasts and subject-related variates. The user can refer to the plot_localizer_mass_univariate_methods.py example to see how to use these.

Note

If you are using Nilearn with a version older than 0.9.0, then you should either upgrade your version or import maskers from the input_data module instead of the maskers module.

That is, you should manually replace in the following example all occurrences of:

from nilearn.maskers import NiftiMasker

with:

from nilearn.input_data import NiftiMasker

# Author: Virgile Fritsch, <virgile.fritsch@inria.fr>, May. 2014
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from nilearn import datasets
from nilearn.maskers import NiftiMasker
from nilearn.image import get_data

Load Localizer contrast

n_samples = 20
localizer_dataset = datasets.fetch_localizer_calculation_task(
    n_subjects=n_samples, legacy_format=False
)
tested_var = np.ones((n_samples, 1))

Mask data

nifti_masker = NiftiMasker(
    smoothing_fwhm=5,
    memory='nilearn_cache', memory_level=1)  # cache options
cmap_filenames = localizer_dataset.cmaps
fmri_masked = nifti_masker.fit_transform(cmap_filenames)

Anova (parametric F-scores)

from sklearn.feature_selection import f_regression
_, pvals_anova = f_regression(fmri_masked, tested_var,
                              center=False)  # do not remove intercept
pvals_anova *= fmri_masked.shape[1]
pvals_anova[np.isnan(pvals_anova)] = 1
pvals_anova[pvals_anova > 1] = 1
neg_log_pvals_anova = - np.log10(pvals_anova)
neg_log_pvals_anova_unmasked = nifti_masker.inverse_transform(
    neg_log_pvals_anova)

/home/alexis/miniconda3/envs/nilearn/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py:1111: DataConversionWarning:

A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().

Visualization

from nilearn.plotting import plot_stat_map, show

# Various plotting parameters
z_slice = 45  # plotted slice

threshold = - np.log10(0.1)  # 10% corrected

# Plot Anova p-values
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5, 6), facecolor='w')
display = plot_stat_map(neg_log_pvals_anova_unmasked,
                        threshold=threshold,
                        display_mode='z', cut_coords=[z_slice],
                        figure=fig)

masked_pvals = np.ma.masked_less(get_data(neg_log_pvals_anova_unmasked),
                                 threshold)

title = ('Negative $\\log_{10}$ p-values'
         '\n(Parametric + Bonferroni correction)'
         '\n%d detections' % (~masked_pvals.mask).sum())

display.title(title, y=1.1, alpha=0.8)

show()

Estimated memory usage: 9 MB